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Tag: MDT

How to Use PowerShell to Change the Operating System in an MDT Task Sequence

I’ve been working on completely automating the creation, capture, and testing of reference images using the Microsoft Deployment Toolkit (at version 2013 Update 2 as of this writing). The first two parts are straightforward and it’s easy to find guides on how to do that. However, I wanted to automate my process even more by having my newly captured image deployed to a test virtual machine and an email sent to let me know when it’s ready to check. At this point, all I need to do is verify that things work as expected in the VM and adjust my production task sequences to use the new OS if it all checks out.

Importing a new OS is easy. There’s a PowerShell commandlet for that included in the MDT tools. Importing a new task sequence is easy, too. There’s a commandlet for that.

What’s not so easy is editing a task sequence that already exists using PowerShell. In fact, I found very little online about how to do this – and nothing about how to change the OS of a task sequence. Nickolaj Andersen has a good post on using PowerShell to modify settings in MDT where he does change a task sequence, but he was simply turning Windows Updates off. And this guy asked how to modify the OS of a task sequence using PowerShell on TechNet but did not get a satisfactory answer in my opinion. But between Nickolaj’s post and some tinkering, I was able to get it working and finish automating those final bits of my process.

The Code

I should note that I have pulled these lines out of a function I use in my process. This is not the ideal way to structure this code, but I thought it would be easiest for others to use this way.

The Code Explained

I included more of the code than you need just for editing the XML of the task sequence (see lines 44-50 for the most relevant bits). I thought a little context might help.

Most of this should be self-explanatory, but I’ll mention a few things to clarify why I have things set up the way I do. First, I’m assuming you have two separate deployment shares – one for building images and one for deploying them (a.k.a. production). I have my test task sequences in my production share, but I have them in a folder that’s disabled so no one sees them in the list of task sequence options during a deployment.

Second, line 19 assumes that your captured images include your task sequence ID in the name of the .wim file. That’s easy to do in customsettings.ini (see step 7 here for the BackupFile setting).

Third, lines 28, 31, 32, and 35 assume that you have structured your Operating Systems folder to separate out your imported OSes rather than throwing them all in the root folder. If that’s not what you do, then you’ll need to modify those parts.

Finally, the last seven lines show how to modify the OS of a given task sequence. There are three spots where the GUID of the OS is stored in the task sequence. I found two listings in Sequence.GlobalVarList.variable and one in Sequence.Group(Install).Step(Install Operating System).defaultVarList.variable. Change those, save the XML, and you’re done. Your test task sequence will now point to your newly captured OS.

The rest of my script boots the test VM and then the MDT database and my customsettings.ini automates the rest. The script waits for the VM to shut down at the end and emails me when it is done. Having all of this automated allows me to build a new reference image for each OS every month but only takes me a few minutes of verifying the test VMs and modifying the production task sequences.

Makes me do my happy dance.

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